Fun fact Q 5: nonhuman primates models for malaria

Malaria Models

Aotus 

• What are the 2 hosts required for potentiation of malaria infections? (be specific)
• In general, can old world primates (OWM) be infected with human malaria spp. ? What about new world primates (NWM)?
• In general what procedure is necessary to establish a malaria model into a new NHP family?
• What is responsible for the recurrent fevers characteristic of clinical signs of malaria?
• In falciparum malaria, list the 3 different types of clinicopathology that can result in severe morbidity or death
• Which human malaria spp have a dormant stage in the liver, what are the dormant malaria forms called, and what is reactivation of dormant malaria called?
• Which human malaria species can cause severe glomerulonephrosis?  Which causes ARDS (acute respiratory disease syndrome)?
• Which malaria species are used to study blood stage malaria in the rhesus host?
• Which malaria species are considered to be the OWM analog of falciparum/vivax/malariae?
• Which is the most prevalent natural malaria species in OWM?
• What kind of malaria studies are NWM used for and why?
• Which NWM model (malaria spp, NWM spp) is the only one to reliably produce the dormant liver stage of malaria?
• Name the 2 spp of NWM malaria that are thought to be anthropozoonoses.  Which is most common in the wild?
• How is experimental malaria treated in NWM?  Is it curative?



Squirrel monkey: Saimiri b. boliviensis

• List the 2 types of model generally used for vaccine trials

Rhesus monkey Macaca mulatta 

Fun Fact Q4: speaking of hair...

Why were these rodents hunted almost to extinction by the early nineteenth 20th century?

In which CITES appendix are these (wild) rodents listed?

Why are they no longer under pressure from hunting in the wild?

What are the 2 species, from where did they get their name, and which of these species is bred in captivity?

Which features of their normal ecology affect our husbandry with respect to caging, cage furniture/enrichments, nutrition and group housing?

What 2 main research areas are they commonly used for and why? 

Research with these rodents has substantially contributed to our knowledge of the pathogenesis treatment and prevention of which important human bacterial disease?

Fun fact question 3: Where's the hair?

Picture credit: thedodo.com

What is the genus and species of this animal?  What are the 2 common strains?

What is the genotype of the commercially available strain (the first type, above) ?

(ref www.criver.com)

Does its hairlessness make it more vulnerable to injuries and infections?

What is its immune status?

Their peripheral blood smears contains a unique estradiol dependent cell.  What is its name and what kind of immune activity does it have?

 

What is notable about guinea pig neutrophils?

What is a common infectious cause of bumblefoot found in poorly maintained or inappropriate caging?

Unlike mice and rats, guinea pigs are very susceptible to clinical bacterial infections.  List the 3 most commonly found in research colonies.

Ref: Laboratory Animals 48(3) p 184

Laboratory Animal Medicine pp 247 -

Criver.com